arXiv AI By Chiwun Yang, Xiaoyu Li

One Spectrum, Two Resources: Data-Memory Scaling in Autoregressive Prediction

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The paper investigates how much learned memory is required to leverage additional data in autoregressive prediction models. It introduces a predictive‑energy spectrum that jointly governs data and memory scaling, proving a minimax law that links the number of prediction blocks and the size of the learned state to this spectrum. The authors demonstrate that optimal bit allocation and masked query‑key attention mechanisms realize this law, and they provide experimental evidence across multiple pretrained‑model scales.

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arXiv Machine Learning
Sep 23

Practical Scaling Laws: Converting Compute into Performance in a Data-Constrained World

The paper introduces a new closed‑form scaling law that extends Chinchilla’s original formula to handle data‑constrained regimes. It decomposes loss into undercapacity, undertraining, and overfitting components, saturating between an irreducible loss and an uninformed baseline. The authors validate the model on diverse architectures and domains, achieving state‑of‑the‑art RMSE across multiple LLM scaling‑law grids and enabling cost‑aware training allocations.

By Christopher M. Bryant, Hao Liu
arXiv Machine Learning
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Tail-Aware Information-Theoretic Bounds for LLM Alignment under Heavy-Tailed Rewards

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By Huiming Zhang, Binghan Li, Wan Tian, Qiang Sun