arXiv AI August 25, 2026 By Jia Hu, Zhexi Lian, Xuerun Yan, Ruiang Bi, Dou Shen, Yu Ruan, Chunlong Xia, Haoran Wang

MPCFormer: A physics-informed data-driven approach for explainable socially-aware autonomous driving

MPCFormer is a physics‑informed, data‑driven framework that explicitly models multi‑vehicle social interaction dynamics for autonomous driving. It uses a Transformer‑based encoder‑decoder to learn discrete state‑space dynamics from naturalistic data, enabling explainable, human‑like behavior planning within a Model Predictive Control (MPC) framework. In open‑loop NGSIM tests, it achieves the lowest trajectory prediction errors (ADE 0.86 m over 5 s), and in closed‑loop intense interaction scenarios it attains a 94.67 % planning success rate, 15.75 % efficiency gain, and reduces collisions from 21.25 % to 0.5 %.

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