Concept bottleneck models predict outcomes from high-level concepts detected in inputs. Although concepts provide a simple way to reap benefits from interpretability, very few datasets include concept labels.
The paper introduces a method for efficiently exploring the Rashomon set of Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) by using a parallel parameter‑efficient adaptation module, checkpointing, and a concept diversity objective. This approach generates multiple equally accurate CBMs from a single training process, achieving greater diversity than baseline methods while consuming less memory. The resulting diverse models enable trustworthy selection, reduce inter‑class confusion, and support reliable abstention in decision‑making.
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