arXiv AI By Aishan Liu, Yisong Xiao, Xianglong Liu, Yongxin Huang, Siyuan Liang, Zonghao Ying, Yang Qu, Jian Yang, Yaodong Yang, Dacheng Tao

LLM Detoxification via Transition-Aware Reward-Guided Representation Sampling

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The paper introduces Transition-Aware Reward-Guided Representation Sampling (TARGRS), a test-time detoxification framework for large language models that learns reward guidance over toxicity transitions in latent representation space. TARGRS constructs trajectories from non‑toxic to toxic states, uses toxicity scores along these paths to train a token‑level reward model, and then guides coarse‑to‑fine sampling in the opposite direction to produce detoxified outputs with minimal perturbation. Experiments on ten LLMs and three LVLMs show that TARGRS consistently outperforms existing baselines, reducing toxicity by up to 69.38% on RealToxicityPrompts and up to 64.23% on LVLMs while maintaining near‑original speed and core capabilities.

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arXiv Computation and Language
Sep 23

Learning Diagnostic Reasoning for Decision Support in Toxicology

The paper introduces DeToxR, a reinforcement‑learning‑enhanced large language model designed to support decision making in acute toxicology cases. It fuses unstructured narratives from paramedics and patients with structured vital‑sign data to predict co‑ingested substances across 14 classes. In preliminary validation, DeToxR outperforms baseline models, achieving higher micro‑F1 and recall scores for poison identification.

By Nico Oberl\"ander, David Bani-Harouni, Tobias Zellner, Nassir Navab, Florian Eyer, Matthias Keicher