arXiv AI By Fengdi Che, Yang Liu, Lei Yu, Meng Cao, Tong Che, Rupam Mahmood, Dale Schuurmans

Learning with a Single Rollout via Pass@k Policy Optimization

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The paper introduces Single‑Rollout Pass@k Policy Optimization (SR‑PPO), a reinforcement learning method that uses only one rollout per prompt to train language‑model agents. SR‑PPO combines Monte Carlo token‑level advantage estimation with Pass@k gradient reweighting and an online critic for baseline and weight estimation. Experiments show that SR‑PPO achieves stable learning and performance comparable to traditional Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) on reasoning and logic benchmarks, even when off‑policy drift degrades standard Pass@1 PPO.

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