The paper investigates why token prediction, a common pre‑training objective for language models, yields useful representations. It introduces a statistical framework linking token prediction accuracy to the geometry of token embeddings, showing that accurate predictions organize embeddings according to Hellinger distances between context distributions. The authors also propose a self‑consistency principle that refines contextual representations through repeated application of a shared block, and provide downstream guarantees for token generation, community recovery, and linear classification.
By Shulei Wang
arXiv:2606. 05173v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Masked language modelling (MLM) has been the dominant pre-training objective for text encoders since BERT, yet it encourages representations that are strongly anchored to surface-form token identity rather than deeper semantic structure.
By Aimen Boukhari
arXiv:2608. 19529v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Many real-world AI systems represent entities, behaviors, and structured information using discrete machine-native symbols rather than natural language.
By Su Yan, Rakesh Iyer
arXiv:2609.13520v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: While Large Language Models have improved rapidly, many fundamental questions remain about how to evaluate the knowledge and reasoning abilities they a...
By Kyle Richardson, Cullen Anderson, Pranav Balakrishnan, Takuto Ban, Daksha Ladia, Ankita Gupta, Marisa Hudspeth
arXiv:2607. 19845v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This paper introduces Sentence Splitter, a self-supervised framework built upon a T5-based encoder--decoder architecture for uncovering the latent factual structure of natural language sentences.
By Ahmad Pouramini, Mahsa Afsharizadeh
arXiv:2609.36952v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) excel at token-level generation but may learn undesirable abstract semantics and lack comprehensive perception. LLM-JEPA...
By Jingnan Pu, Zi-En Fan, Feng Lian