arXiv Machine Learning By Yingfa Chen, Xingyu Shen, Chaojun Xiao, Xu Han

Latent Compaction with Test-Time Training

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Latent Compaction is a test‑time training method that learns a compact, document‑specific key–value cache for large‑context language models. It initializes cache entries using reconstruction importance, teacher attention, and key‑space diversity, then fits attention outputs and log‑normalizers to the full cache before jointly optimizing the entire cache via end‑to‑end distillation. Experiments on RULER, LongBench, and Phonebook Lookup show significant accuracy gains over budget‑matched compression baselines, achieving 96.7% accuracy at 32× compression on RULER and transferring well across model scales and families.

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