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The paper benchmarks a range of AI methods—conventional ML, ensemble learning, deep neural networks, recurrent architectures, Transformers, graph models, and hybrid ensemble deep learning—on renewable energy datasets. Tree ensembles, especially Extra Trees, outperform other models on structured wave energy converter (WEC) layout data, reducing MAE by about 63.7% relative to an MLP baseline. The RF BiLSTM hybrid delivers the best overall forecasting accuracy for wind farm SCADA data, cutting MAE by roughly 75% compared to a standalone LSTM and surpassing STGCN by about 10%.
The paper benchmarks a range of AI methods—conventional ML, ensemble learning, deep neural networks, recurrent architectures, Transformers, graph models, and hybrid ensemble deep learning—on three renewable energy datasets, including large‑scale wave energy converter (WEC) data and wind farm SCADA measurements. Tree ensembles, particularly Extra Trees, outperform traditional ML and neural predictors on structured WEC layout data, achieving a 63.7% MAE reduction over an MLP baseline. Spatial‑temporal graph networks (STGCN) and an RF‑BiLSTM hybrid further improve forecasting accuracy, with the hybrid model reaching an MAE of 150.5 kW, a 75% reduction over a standalone LSTM and 10% better than STGCN. The study concludes that no single architecture dominates; randomized ensembles excel for structured surrogate modeling, graph networks for explicit spatial interactions, and hybrid recurrent ensembles for combined nonlinear tabular and temporal dynamics.
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