arXiv Machine Learning
2d ago

Same Loss, Different Gradients

arXiv:2609.38786v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Differentiable learning typically assumes that the scalar objective evaluated in the forward pass and the gradient supplied to the optimizer in the bac...

By Ningkang Peng, Xiaoqian Peng, Yifan He, Anjie Hu, Chao Tan, Peirong Ma, Yanhui Gu
arXiv Machine Learning
Jun 18

Not Just How Much, But Where: Decomposing Epistemic Uncertainty into Per-Class Contributions

arXiv:2602. 21160v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: In safety-critical classification, the cost of failure is often asymmetric, yet Bayesian deep learning summarises epistemic uncertainty with a single scalar, mutual information (MI), that cannot distinguish whether a model's ignorance involves a benign or safety-critical class.

By Mame Diarra Toure, David A. Stephens
arXiv Machine Learning
Aug 20

Contrasting Cost-Agnostic and Cost-Sensitive Losses under Limited Model Capacity via $\mathcal H$-consistency

The paper investigates the difference between cost‑agnostic and cost‑sensitive loss functions when model capacity is limited. It shows that, unlike in ideal infinite‑capacity settings, optimizing a cost‑sensitive objective can yield a strictly better downstream decision than post‑processing a cost‑agnostic model. The authors prove this gap under a hypothesis class that can recover the optimal decision boundary but not the optimal cost‑agnostic hypothesis, and provide a simple example and empirical evidence on UCI datasets with simple models.

By Jessica Finocchiaro, Sanket Shah, Milind Tambe
arXiv Machine Learning
Sep 10

Sharp Structure-Agnostic Minimax Risk for Partial Linear Models

arXiv:2609. 07997v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We characterize the sharp structure-agnostic minimax risk for coefficient estimation in the partial linear model when the outcome and treatment nuisances are learned by two distinct black-box learners, which resolves the open problem in double machine learning posed by Gu (2025).

By Haichen Hu, David Simchi-Levi