The paper examines a specific type of hallucination in large language models caused by spurious correlations—unintended, statistically prominent associations in training data such as surnames linked to nationalities. These hallucinations are confidently produced, persist regardless of model scaling or refusal fine‑tuning, and evade existing detection methods like confidence filtering and inner‑state probing. The authors use controlled synthetic experiments and evaluations on both open‑source and proprietary LLMs, including GPT‑5, to demonstrate the failure of current detection techniques and provide a theoretical explanation for why statistical biases undermine confidence‑based approaches.
By Shaowen Wang, Yiqi Dong, Ruinian Chang, Tansheng Zhu, Yuebo Sun, Kaifeng Lyu, Jian Li
arXiv:2507. 15903v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Empowered by large language models (LLMs), intelligent agents have become a popular paradigm for interacting with open environments to facilitate AI deployment.
By Siyuan Liu, Wenjing Liu, Zhiwei Xu, Xin Wang, Bo Chen, Tao Li
arXiv:2606. 14697v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Building trustworthy medical multimodal large language models (MLLMs) is critical for reliable clinical decision support.
By Sicheng Yang, Hangjie Yuan, Wenjun Zhang, Jinwang Wang, Yichen Qian, Weihua Chen, Fan Wang, Lei Zhu
arXiv:2606. 24790v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse tasks, yet they remain prone to generating hallucinations.
By Anand Kamat, Daniel Blake, Brent M. Werness
arXiv:2609.09206v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) often struggle with hallucinations, thus hindering their reliable practical applications. Existing attention...
By Meng'en Qin, Junye Chen, Jucheng Liu, Youlu Xing, Song Wang, Ruize Han
Video-language models and video agents can produce hallucinations that conflict with spatiotemporal evidence. Existing benchmarks mainly evaluate model hallucinations, and heterogeneous mechanisms mak...