The paper introduces GDMRG, a Graph-Augmented Dual-Stream Medical Report Generation framework that incorporates a Topological Knowledge Internalization module using a Graph Convolutional Network to encode disease co-occurrence priors. It employs a dual-stream classifier—one branch generating diagnostic prompts under topological constraints and an auxiliary branch dynamically calibrating decision boundaries for imbalanced samples—alongside a Diagnosis-Guided Spatial Attention mechanism to align visual features with clinical semantics. Experiments on MIMIC-CXR show competitive clinical efficacy and natural language fluency, with strong zero-shot performance on IU X-Ray.
By Moyu Tang, Shangkun Sima, Chupei Tang, Junxiao Kong, Di Wang, Tianchi Lu
arXiv:2604. 26283v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: High-precision medical diagnosis relies not only on static imaging features but also on the implicit diagnostic memory experts instantly invoke during image interpretation.
By Chunzheng Zhu, Jiaqi Zeng, Junyu Jiang, Jianxin Lin, Yijun Wang
arXiv:2604.24146v2 Announce Type: replace
Abstract: Chest computed tomography (CT) is central to the detection and management of thoracic disease, yet the growing scale and complexity of volumetric i...
By Xuguang Bai, Mingxuan Liu, Tongxi Song, Yifei Chen, Hongjia Yang, Kasidit Anmahapong, Zihan Li, Ying Zhou, Qiyuan Tian
The study evaluates whether disease can be identified from reactive, non‑lesional brain tissue in intracranial biopsies. Using four foundation‑model encoders within an attention‑based multiple‑instance learning framework on 245 whole‑slide images, the authors find that disease labels remain predictive even after controlling for slide size and sampling bias, and that performance is similar across all encoders. Signed instance‑contribution maps and expert review confirm that predictive signals localize to reactive parenchyma rather than artifacts such as blood.
"whyItMatters":"The findings demonstrate that weakly supervised models can recover disease signals from tissue traditionally considered non‑diagnostic, highlighting the need for provenance‑only baselines in computational pathology benchmarks."
By Jan Schnorrenberg, Jan Ernsting, Enrico K\"ullenberg, Tim Hahn, Benjamin Risse, Christian Thomas
arXiv:2608. 09774v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Thoracic pathologies rarely occur in isolation, yet standard multi-label classifiers rely on shared global descriptors, discarding \emph{where} findings lie and \emph{how} they co-occur.
By Akash Gogineni, Nagur Shareef Shaik, Aasrith Mandava, Adnan Masood, Dong Hye Ye
arXiv:2608.22323v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: The application of Large Language Models (LLMs) to diagnostic decision-making has garnered growing interest. However, existing benchmarks largely focus...
By Lai Wei, Yuchao Chen, Zhenbiao Cao, Xiaojin Zhang, Zhongyu Wei, Bangting Wang, Wei Chen, Xiang Bai