arXiv Computation and Language By Iskar Deng, Shane Steinert-Threlkeld

From Parallels to Divergence: Language Models' Learning of Action Nominal Constructions

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The paper examines how language models learn action nominal constructions (ANCs) across 96 synthetic target languages with varied grammatical features. Using GPT‑2‑small trained from scratch, the study evaluates models on minimal pairs covering 34 grammatical phenomena, revealing that models mirror typological patterns in basic clause configurations but diverge in complement systems and ANC strategies. The findings suggest that natural language distributions may arise from both general learning pressures and functional demands not fully captured by current model experiments.

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