arXiv:2608. 05103v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Data assimilation (DA) uses Bayesian inference to update the state of a numerical forecast model with observed data.
By Dibyajyoti Chakraborty, Romit Maulik
arXiv:2608. 05103v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Data assimilation (DA) uses Bayesian inference to update the state of a numerical forecast model with observed data.
By Dibyajyoti Chakraborty, Romit Maulik
The paper introduces STORM, a one‑stage generative AI framework that reformulates Earth system data assimilation as diffusion‑based Bayesian posterior sampling, replacing costly PDE ensemble forecasts with scalable AI inference. STORM employs a spatiotemporal transformer with a global‑attention algorithm that reduces computational complexity from quadratic to linear, enabling high‑resolution, long‑context modeling. The system scales to 74,400 GPUs on Frontier, achieving 96–99 % strong‑scaling efficiency and up to 6 ExaFLOPs sustained BF16 throughput, while supporting 32,768‑member ensembles for uncertainty quantification in just 34 seconds on 4,096 GPUs, and demonstrates improved hurricane tracking and climate reanalysis accuracy.
By Xiao Wang, Zezhong Zhang, Isaac Lyngaas, Hong-Jun Yoon, Jong-Youl Choi, Siming Liang, Janet Wang, Hristo G. Chipilski, Ashwin M. Aji, Feng Bao, Peter Jan van Leeuwen, Dan Lu, Guannan Zhang
arXiv:2608. 14744v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recovering high-resolution states from sparse, low-resolution observations is a central challenge in scientific machine learning and data assimilation.
By Mrigank Dhingra, Ramchandran Muthukumar, Rebecca Willett, Omer San
This study introduces the first controlled benchmark of generative models for weather data assimilation using real station observations from 11,849 NOAA MADIS stations across the U.S. It evaluates key design choices—diffusion vs. flow matching, pixel vs. latent-space formulations, and inference-time conditioning strategies—against a classical 3D-Var baseline. The benchmark finds that learned generative priors and full-gradient guidance improve RMSE over ERA5, while other design variations offer minimal benefit, especially under sparse observation conditions.
By Ruizhe Huang, Qidong Yang, Jonathan Giezendanner, Sherrie Wang
arXiv:2606. 07898v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: High-resolution regional climate simulations provide critical information for climate impacts assessments but remain computationally expensive, motivating the development of machine-learning downscalers and emulators.
By Karandeep Singh, Stefan Rahimi, Chad W. Thackeray, Stephen Cropper, Alex Hall