arXiv Machine Learning By Zi Yang, Ying Li, Alejandro Lancho, Dar\'{i}o C. Larese, Pablo M. Olmos, Michael Minyi Zhang

Flow-based Spectral Kernel Learning for Nonstationary Attention

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The paper introduces Flow-based Spectral Kernel Attention (FSKA), a framework that learns nonstationary attention kernels using spectral density learning and normalizing flows. FSKA replaces traditional query–key projections with a simplified design that retains fixed orthogonal value projections, leading to a more parameter‑efficient architecture. Experiments on classification tasks demonstrate competitive or improved performance while reducing trainable projection parameters by roughly 40%–47% and preserving linear‑attention memory scaling.

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