arXiv AI By Abhilash Jindal, Todd Nief, Bhanu Prakash Vangala, Shankaradithyaa V, Tvisha Malik, Anshik Sahu, Aaron Schein, Amitabh Chaudhary, Tanu Malik

FlexiFlow: Bandit-based Model Switching in ML Workflows

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arXiv Machine Learning
Oct 12

CB-Orchestrator: Adaptive Workflow Optimization for LLM Agents via Contextual Bandits

CB-Orchestrator is an adaptive framework for optimizing large language model (LLM) agent workflows. It separates workflow generation—via evolutionary search—from workflow selection, which is treated as a contextual bandit problem to enable sample‑efficient learning. The approach reduces training‑phase API token usage by up to 40.55% and overall token overhead by at least 29.73%, while outperforming baselines on five benchmarks, including the MATH dataset.

By Jiahang Sun, Zhiwei Shang, Zhipiao Liu, Hongwei Yang, Guoqing Xie, Shuang Qiu, Zhongxiang Dai
arXiv AI
Oct 12

COBALT: Contextual Bandit Learning with Offline Trajectories for Multi-Turn Code Generation

COBALT is a contextual bandit learning method that reuses offline multi-turn code generation trajectories to train large language models efficiently. It treats multi-turn code generation as a one-step recoverable Markov decision process, collecting partial trajectories from a reference LLM and training the target model to complete each partial trajectory in a single step. Experiments on LiveCodeBench show that COBALT improves Pass@1 scores for R1-Distill 8B and Qwen3 8B by up to 9.0 and 6.2 points, matches the performance of two online RL baselines, and enhances robustness against misleading execution feedback.

By Ziru Chen, Dongdong Chen, Ruinan Jin, Yingbin Liang, Yujia Xie, Huan Sun
arXiv Machine Learning
Oct 15

In-Context Batch Black-box Optimization via Flow Matching

In-Context Batch Black-box Optimization via Flow Matching introduces FMTR, an amortized method that learns a continuous, history-conditioned proposal distribution for variable-size batch sampling in expensive black-box optimization settings. FMTR is trained offline using conditional flow matching on Thompson-sampling argmaxes refined through a horizon-dependent Langevin pushforward map, enabling adaptive exploration-exploitation over the optimization horizon. At test time, FMTR generates batches without task-specific surrogate refitting or numerical acquisition optimization, achieving strong performance on synthetic and real-world benchmarks while significantly reducing batch selection computational cost.

By Quoc-Anh Hoang Nguyen, Xinyu Zhang, Daolang Huang, Julien Martinelli, Samuel Kaski