arXiv AI By Yujie Feng, Xiaobin Wang, Jinluan Yang, Xiaonan Shi, Pengjun Xie, Philip S. Yu, Xiaoming Wu, Jieping Ye

Evolving Together, Failing Apart: The Skill-Policy Co-evolution Trap in Self-Improving Agents

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The paper examines the vulnerability of skill-policy co‑evolution in self‑improving agents, showing that policies become fragile when the skill bank changes after training. It introduces CODA, a deployment‑oriented evaluation protocol that simulates skill drift and measures worst‑case success, consistency under meaning‑preserving edits, and resistance to corrupted skills. Across multiple methods and benchmarks, CODA reveals that worst‑case performance can drop 5–13 points, erasing a large portion of the gains achieved during co‑evolution.

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