arXiv Computer Vision By Kairui Hu, Siyuan Hu, Fangzhou Hong, Zhaoxi Chen, Ziwei Liu

Embodied Turing Machines: Stateful Code for Robot Recursive Self-Improvement

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The paper proposes a new paradigm called Code-Only-as-Policy (COAP), treating the embodied world as a Turing machine where the robot and environment state are the tape and the policy is the code. COAP replaces traditional vision-language agents by using code to measure, track, and decide based on camera images and proprioception, enabling explicit state storage, fast execution, and extensibility across tasks. On RoboDojo’s 42 bimanual tasks, the COAP library achieved a 70.24% success rate without a model at test time.

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