The paper introduces MR‑DiffuSR, a 3‑D latent diffusion framework that uses high‑resolution T1w structural priors to guide super‑resolution of thick‑slice FLAIR MRI scans. By applying cross‑modality structural swin attention and a mixed‑scale degradation strategy, the method avoids hallucinations and remains robust across varying slice thicknesses. On ADNI datasets, MR‑DiffuSR outperforms CNN and 2‑D diffusion baselines, achieving high PSNR, SSIM, and low LPIPS, and maintains strong white‑matter hyperintensity segmentation performance even at 7 mm equivalent slice thickness.
By Haoyu Lan, Jiazhen Zhang, John Onofrey, Bino Varghese, Nasim Sheikh-Bahaei, Arthur W. Toga, Jeiran Choupan
arXiv:2601. 20503v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: White matter hyperintensities (WMH) and ischaemic stroke lesions (ISL) are key imaging biomarkers of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) detectable on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
By Jesse Phitidis, Alison Q. Smithard, William N. Whiteley, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Miguel O. Bernabeu, Maria Vald\'es Hern\'andez
arXiv:2606. 03566v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Background: The lateral ventricle choroid plexus (LVCP) is gaining recognition as a key imaging biomarker for multiple sclerosis (MS) related to physical disability and neuroinflammation.
By Po-Jui Lu, Alessandro Cagol, Mario Ocampo-Pineda, Federico Spagnolo, Marina Mastantuono, Andreea-Alexandra Aldea, Jannis M\"uller, \"Ozg\"ur Yaldizli, Matthias Weigel, Lester Melie-Garcia, Roberta Magliozzi, Maria Pia Sormani, Ludwig Kappos, Jens Kuhle, Cristina Granziera
arXiv:2606. 07381v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Background and Purpose: Automated detection of focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) requires large volumes of voxelwise lesion-delineated MRI data, which are difficult to acquire.
By Prabhjot Kaur, Hakim Ouaalam, Sedat Kandemirli, Sanjay P. Prabhu, Simon K. Warfield
The study investigates how image‑domain Poisson perturbations affect the classification of ischemic core/penumbra in non‑contrast CT slices. Using a CPAISD cohort, the authors compared direct ResNet‑18 classification with a denoising‑then‑classifying pipeline and found that denoising generally reduced performance. A prospective experiment with joint denoising‑classification models showed no statistically significant advantage over direct noisy classification, indicating limited robustness to Poisson noise.
By Rhea Ghosal, Ronok Ghosal, Eileen Lou
MIRTO is an evaluation protocol for unsupervised anomaly segmentation in brain MRI that explicitly documents key methodological choices—such as registration alignment, threshold setting, and false‑positive budgeting—and measures their impact. It applies a registration check, uses validation data for thresholding, reports realized false‑positive volumes, and repeats each comparison across 15,552 evaluation pipelines with bootstrap intervals. In a study on four UAD methods and 312 BraTS 2020 subjects, MIRTO revealed that an axis‑order mismatch dramatically lowered a diffusion model’s voxel AUROC, and that many performance differences were driven by lesion definition and threshold transfer rather than model quality.
By Negin Kafee Hernashki, Soumick Chatterjee