Does Context Compression Preserve Refusal Alignment?
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The paper examines whether context compression, which encodes inputs into compact representations while preserving semantic content, maintains refusal alignment in instruction-tuned language models. It finds that encoder-based compression consistently weakens refusal behavior across various model families and architectures, even though reconstruction fidelity remains high. Mechanistic analysis attributes this to attenuation of activation along the decoder’s learned refusal direction, and introduces Memory Steering—a lightweight inference-time intervention that restores refusal rates without retraining.
The paper reports a Size‑Fidelity Paradox in large‑language‑model (LLM) context compression: larger compressors can produce lower reconstruction error yet yield less faithful reconstructed contexts. Two key mechanisms drive this effect: knowledge overwriting, where larger models replace source facts with their own beliefs, and semantic drift, where they paraphrase or restructure content. Across 27 compressor setups, mid‑sized models often recover contexts more faithfully, and analysis of embedding geometry shows that larger models organize memory into broader semantic subspaces, leading to ambiguous representations that weaken recovery.
Modern large language models are pretrained on massive datasets, making it difficult to prevent benchmark data from entering their training sets and undermining the reliability of evaluation results....
arXiv:2609.27510v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Modern large language models are pretrained on massive datasets, making it difficult to prevent benchmark data from entering their training sets and...
arXiv:2609.25537v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language model (LLM) inference is constrained by the quadratic scaling of self-attention and the linear scaling of the KV cache, increasing laten...
Long-context language model inference is bottlenecked by memory, as the KV cache grows with context length. Recent techniques to compress the KV cache fall short: they either degrade model quality substantially or require considerable time and compute to compress a single long prompt.