arXiv Machine Learning By Agamdeep Singh, Ashish Tiwari, Hosein Hasanbeig, Priyanshu Gupta

Distributions In, Distributions Out: The Case for Soft-Label Training

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arXiv:2511. 14117v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Supervised classifiers output a distribution over classes but are typically trained against a single label obtained by collapsing multiple annotators into a majority vote.

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arXiv Computation and Language
Sep 2

Post-hoc Alignment of LLM-judges to Human Judgment Distribution

The paper introduces NAPHA, a lightweight post‑hoc alignment method that improves large language model (LLM) predictions of human judgment distributions (HJD) by matching LLM output distributions to HJD through entropy‑based class assignment and specialized alignment models. Experiments on five datasets show that while LLMs perform near human‑level on hard‑label tasks, they struggle with soft‑label predictions, and NAPHA consistently enhances soft‑label accuracy, especially on high‑entropy instances. The study also demonstrates that better entropy class prediction can further boost NAPHA’s effectiveness.

By Sebastian Steindl, Nikos Voskarides, Alberto Gasparin, Diego Marcheggiani