Decision-Focused Learning for Mean-Variance Portfolio Optimization via KKT-Based Reformulation

The paper introduces a decision‑focused learning framework for mean‑variance portfolio optimization that embeds the Karush‑Kuhn‑Tucker optimality conditions of the lower‑level optimization into a single‑level learning problem. This approach preserves budget and short‑sale constraints while remaining tractable for standard nonlinear solvers. Experiments on real‑world ETF data across two asset universes demonstrate superior performance on multiple investment metrics and highlight the benefits of the proposed regularization.

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