arXiv Machine Learning By Boshra Khalili, Andrew Smyth

CTRL-FM: Inference-Time Structural Control for Flow-Based Virtual Sensing under Long-Horizon Node Outages

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CTRL‑FM is a flow‑matching framework that preserves observed sensor data while inferring missing values during long‑horizon node outages. It treats structural guidance as an inference‑time decision, selecting among uncontrolled, graph‑dominant, temporal‑dominant, and balanced policies based on self‑supervised proxy outages and local reliability estimates. Experiments on PeMS08, METR‑LA, Air‑36, and AQI show that CTRL‑FM outperforms existing graph, diffusion, and flow‑based methods, especially under 30% and 60% node outages, and degrades gracefully up to 75% sensor loss.

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