CounterFlow: Target-Conditioned Flow Matching for Visual Counterfactuals
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The paper introduces CLEAR, a latent Flow Matching framework designed to generate visual counterfactual explanations (VCEs) that alter a classifier’s prediction while preserving realistic and decision‑irrelevant content. CLEAR addresses two main issues in latent‑space VCEs: opposing update directions between latent generation and classifier guidance, and unintended changes from VAE reconstruction. By decomposing classifier guidance into cooperative and conflicting components and selectively attenuating the conflicting part, CLEAR achieves counterfactual quality comparable to image‑space methods while being 2.5× faster.
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CounterVid introduces a scalable counterfactual video generation framework that creates videos differing only in actions or temporal structure while keeping scene context intact. The approach uses multimodal LLMs for action proposals and diffusion models for editing, producing a synthetic dataset of ~26k preference pairs for action recognition and sequence ordering. With the MixDPO optimization method, the authors demonstrate significant improvements in action recognition and temporal ordering on Qwen2.5‑VL and InternVL3 backbones, while maintaining overall video understanding.