Co-PiLOT: Constrained Physics-Informed Latent Optimization for Target-Driven Inverse Design

Co-PiLOT is a latent optimization framework that maps candidate physical structures through a generative encoder-decoder, using the decoder as a learned validity prior and performing physics-informed black-box optimization in latent space. It is applied to the inverse design of magnesium alloy microstructure/texture, employing a vision transformer encoder paired with latent diffusion, diffusion transformer, and rectified-flow transformer decoders trained on an 80,000-sample EBSD dataset to produce a minimal bottleneck representation. The MERIDIAN optimizer, driven by a deep-kernel Gaussian process and failure-aware feasibility prediction, achieves the best target-driven objective score within 160 simulations, reducing relative target error by 3–22% compared to seven baseline methods.

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• llms
• diffusion
• computer-vision