arXiv Machine Learning
Aug 24

TH-GNN: Heterogeneous Temporal Graph Neural Networks for LLM-Agent Shilling Attack Detection

TH-GNN is a heterogeneous temporal graph neural network designed to detect shilling attacks generated by large language model (LLM) agents. It combines a two‑layer Heterogeneous Graph Transformer with per‑type and per‑relation attention, learnable sinusoidal temporal encodings, cross‑modal attention that fuses user embeddings with frozen RoBERTa representations of reviews and item descriptions, and a GRU that models log inter‑arrival times. Across five attack families and four benchmark datasets, TH‑GNN achieves a grand‑mean F1 score of 0.870, surpassing the best text‑only baseline on Agent4SR attacks by 10.9 percentage points and 11.5 percentage points at the lowest injection rate.

By Shivam Swarup, Divya Prakash Shrivastava, Rakesh Thakur