arXiv Machine Learning By Asset Kanatov, Talgar Bayan, Askar Boranbayev

Bug Severity Classification with Fine-Tuned Open LLMs: A Paired Comparison with TF-IDF and CodeBERT Baselines on Eclipse Reports

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The study evaluates the effectiveness of small, fine‑tuned open large language models (LLMs) for predicting bug severity in Eclipse bug reports, comparing them against traditional TF‑IDF classifiers and a fine‑tuned CodeBERT encoder. Using a balanced sample of 20,000 reports, eleven model configurations—including zero‑shot and QLoRA‑fine‑tuned Llama 3 8B and Qwen 2.5 7B—were tested on 2,000 held‑out reports, revealing that fine‑tuned LLMs achieve macro‑F1 scores around 0.52, comparable to CodeBERT, while zero‑shot LLMs lag behind TF‑IDF baselines. The analysis also highlights class‑specific performance differences and the impact of duplicate reports on model evaluation.

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