Auditing Safety Preference Supervision with Recorded Derivations
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The paper introduces a two‑stage framework for auditing false alarms in safety monitors for language‑model agents, treating the problem as a positive‑unlabeled (PU) ranking task. It adapts safe references toward the alarm domain, consolidates ordering from multiple PU models, and refines the ranking with structural guidance, all without requiring alarm safety labels. The method improves macro AUPRC to 0.6444 and recovers 33.3% more false alarms at a 5% review budget compared to leading PU baselines.
The paper investigates how large language models balance helpfulness and safety by refusing harmful queries while responding to benign ones. It decomposes safety-tuning responses into a boilerplate refusal statement and a rationale, finding that the statement causes false refusals by relying on superficial cues. Training on rationales alone reduces false refusals without compromising safety performance, suggesting that fine‑grained safety supervision is essential for better alignment.
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