arXiv AI
Oct 5

Positive-Unlabeled Learning for Agent Safety False Alarm Auditing

The paper introduces a two‑stage framework for auditing false alarms in safety monitors for language‑model agents, treating the problem as a positive‑unlabeled (PU) ranking task. It adapts safe references toward the alarm domain, consolidates ordering from multiple PU models, and refines the ranking with structural guidance, all without requiring alarm safety labels. The method improves macro AUPRC to 0.6444 and recovers 33.3% more false alarms at a 5% review budget compared to leading PU baselines.

By Xichen Yan, Chongyang Gao, Kezhen Chen, Guangyi Zhang, Jiaqi Wu, Lixu Wang
arXiv AI
Sep 7

Refuse without Refusal: A Structural Analysis of Safety-Tuning Responses for Reducing False Refusals in Language Models

The paper investigates how large language models balance helpfulness and safety by refusing harmful queries while responding to benign ones. It decomposes safety-tuning responses into a boilerplate refusal statement and a rationale, finding that the statement causes false refusals by relying on superficial cues. Training on rationales alone reduces false refusals without compromising safety performance, suggesting that fine‑grained safety supervision is essential for better alignment.

By Minji Kim, Hyounghun Kim
arXiv AI
Aug 5

Preferred, Not Safer: Pairwise Preference Is a Poor Proxy for Clinical Safety

arXiv:2608. 02617v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We evaluate whether clinician pairwise preferences provide a reliable signal of clinical safety in large language model (LLM) evaluation using expert feedback from MOOVE (Massive Open Online Validation and Evaluation), a clinician-led platform collecting blinded pairwise preferences alongside multi-criterion rubric ratings.

By Fay Elhassan, David Sasu, Alexandra Kulinkina, Lars Henning Klein, Mary-Anne Hartley