The paper systematically studies decode‑phase energy consumption of open‑source large language models using different attention architectures—Multi‑Head Attention (MHA), Grouped Query Attention (GQA), and GQA with Sliding Window Attention (SWA). It evaluates four models across varying context lengths, batch sizes, and generation workloads, measuring GPU energy via NVIDIA counters. Findings show that the attention mechanism is the main driver of how energy scales with context length, with MHA models growing steeply, GQA models growing less, and GQA+SWA remaining nearly constant; model size mainly sets absolute energy use, while batching can cut energy per token and latency by up to 87%.
By Molka Chkir, Syed Muhammad Danish, Jos H\"oll, Arghavan Asad
arXiv:2609.07966v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Key--value (KV) cache compression is an effective way to reduce the memory overhead of large language model (LLM) inference, particularly for long-cont...
By Michael Wang, Keith Li, Roozbeh Bostandoost
arXiv:2608. 06723v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The rapid scaling of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly increased computational cost, energy consumption, and inference latency, making accurate estimation essential for sustainable artificial intelligence deployment and hardware-aware design.
By Saeid Shokoufa, Mohammad Erfan Sadeghi, Mehdi Kamal, Massoud Pedram
arXiv:2607. 20806v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Lightweight large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being deployed locally on personal computers and are expected to play a growing role in resource-constrained edge and mobile environments.
By Tomohiro Harada, Enrique Alba, Gabriel Luque
arXiv:2604. 26968v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Key-value (KV) cache memory management is the primary bottleneck limiting throughput and cost-efficiency in large-scale GPU inference serving.
By Sanjeev Rao Ganjihal
arXiv:2606. 02964v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large Language Model (LLM) inference relies on key-value (KV) caches to avoid redundant attention computation.
By Chunan Shi, Yilei Chen, Yilin Chen, Xupeng Miao, Bin Cui