The operational energy consumption of large language model (LLM) inference is becoming an increasingly important component of the environmental footprint of deployed AI systems. However, direct measurement of inference energy often requires hardware telemetry, power instrumentation, or infrastructure-specific monitoring, limiting its applicability in comparative studies, early-stage system design, and sustainability reporting.
arXiv:2607. 26571v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The operational energy consumption of large language model (LLM) inference is becoming an increasingly important component of the environmental footprint of deployed AI systems.
By Tina Vartziotis, Rodopi Kosteli, Elli Vartziotis, George Dasoulas, Michael Keckeisen, Konstantinos Skianis, Sotirios Kotsopoulos, Francesca Dominici
arXiv:2607. 09172v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large Language Models are reshaping how software is developed and maintained.
By Nada Zine, Tristan Coignion, Vincenzo Stoico, Cl\'ement Quinton, Romain Rouvoy, Patricia Lago
arXiv:2603. 29002v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Modern large language models (LLMs) increasingly depends on efficient long-context processing and generation mechanisms, including sparse attention, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), and compressed contextual memory, to support complex reasoning.
By Zifan He, Rui Ma, Yizhou Sun, Jason Cong
arXiv:2606. 15453v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) based large language models (LLMs), such as Qwen and DeepSeek, have recently emerged as an effective approach to improving model capacity without proportionally increasing computational cost.
By Yingnan Zhao, Razvan Bunescu, Ahmed Louri, Avinash Karanth, Ke Wang
arXiv:2506. 01969v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Efficient inference of Multi-Head Latent Attention (MLA) is challenged by deploying the DeepSeek-R1 671B model on a single Multi-GPU server.
By Pengcuo Dege, Qiuming Luo, Rui Mao, Chang Kong
arXiv:2606. 26758v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: High-performance GPU kernels are critical for reducing the exponentially growing computational costs of large language models (LLMs), but their development heavily relies on manual tuning by domain experts.
By Yaochen Han, Ke Fan, Hongxu Jiang, Wanqi Xu, Weiyu Xie, Runhua Zhang, Chenhui Zhu, Yixiang Zhang
arXiv:2607. 09385v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The growing adoption of large language model-based agents within operating system workflows has increased the importance of energy-efficient inference on laptop-class systems-on-chip (SoCs).
By Victor J. B. Jung, Gagandeep Singh, Joseph Melber, Kristof Denolf, Francesco Conti, Luca Benini
arXiv:2602. 11506v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The transition toward localized intelligence through Small Language Models (SLMs) has intensified the need for rigorous performance characterization on resource-constrained edge hardware.
By Zhen Bi, Xueshu Chen, Luoyang Sun, Yuhang Yao, Qing Shen, Jungang Lou, Cheng Deng
arXiv:2606. 17104v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in latency- and cost-sensitive settings, inference efficiency has become a central systems challenge.
By Shun Usami, Venkatram Vishwanath, E. Wes Bethel
arXiv:2607. 05400v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Generative AI models, such as Large Language Models (LLMs) and diffusion models, have demonstrated impressive performance across a wide range of tasks.
By Amitash Nanda, Javier Hernandez Nicolau, Madhusudan Gujral, Mahidhar Tatineni, Amitava Majumdar, Debashis Sahoo
arXiv:2608. 10506v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Accurate pre-deployment estimation of CNN inference cost--energy, latency, and peak memory--is increasingly critical as models are deployed on resource-constrained GPU platforms.
By Linh Nguyen, Zhixin Pan