A typed decision is a choice among a fixed set of options, returned as a probability rather than as text. Systems that need typed decisions today use models trained for that purpose. This report descr...
The study examines how renaming option labels in typed decision models affects model behavior. By swapping the names of two options (e.g., from 0/1 to no/yes) while keeping the underlying rubrics unchanged, the authors observed a dramatic shift in decision rankings—AUC dropped from .94 to .23 and answer flips increased by 70.4 per hundred. The effect is amplified with more options and depends on the semantic polarity of the labels, yet the models still maintain a zero type‑error rate.
By Yu Sun, Junhao Xu, Jiajia Shi, Zijin Yang
Typed decision models are built for settings where model outputs are consumed directly by software. Instead of generating free-form text, they return a decision over a predefined set of options. By co...
Prefill‑only decision models evaluate every candidate in a menu in a single forward pass, avoiding decoding and reducing cost by one to two orders of magnitude compared to generative language models. The paper demonstrates that when only the candidate menu changes, the model’s post‑intervention accuracy can be predicted solely from the cached first‑pass distribution using a simple estimator that renormalizes and selects the argmax, without any labels or second pass. Across seven model families, ten datasets, and two task types, this menu‑only intervention prediction is within 4.2 points of actual accuracy, and in one family it is exact, whereas a probability‑level variant fails by 21 points, indicating the property resides in ranking rather than calibrated probabilities.
By Ran Li, Lei Chen
arXiv:2610.02586v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: A typed decision model answers a fixed question about an input by returning a probability for each of several caller-defined options. Each option carri...
By Seyedarmin Azizi, Erfan Baghaei Potraghloo, Massoud Pedram
NumericJev introduces a training‑free numerical decoding algorithm that allows large language models with Jev‑like structured‑choice interfaces to output precise numerical values. The method refines a numerical range using a multiway decision tree, achieving lower mean absolute error than direct selection from a candidate list. Experiments on an arithmetic benchmark show a 2.93 percentage‑point improvement, and a historical‑index study reports a 4.58% mean relative recall error with zero readout error when the value is supplied.
By Weiwei Ye, Hangchen Liu, Renhe Jiang