This survey reviews deep learning methods for detecting anomalies in railway systems, organizing them by taxonomy of anomaly location, data representation, sensing modality, and temporal traits. It categorizes approaches—convolutional, recurrent, attention-based, autoencoders, GANs, transformers—into classification, prediction, reconstruction, and hybrid paradigms, and discusses data challenges, evaluation, metrics, and deployment issues such as edge‑cloud architectures and hardware constraints. The paper also offers a decision‑oriented framework linking anomaly characteristics, data properties, and operational constraints to guide the selection and deployment of suitable detection solutions.
By Ammar Bouketta, Smail Niar, Hamza Ouarnoughi
arXiv:2602. 08792v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The pantograph-catenary interface is essential for ensuring uninterrupted and reliable power delivery in electrified rail systems.
By Hao Dong, Eleni Chatzi, Olga Fink
arXiv:2609.13940v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Effective anomaly detection frameworks are a central pillar of the Industry 4.0 paradigm. In this paper, we introduce an Optimal Transport (OT)-based f...
By Abigail Langbridge, Fearghal O'Donncha, James T Rayfield, Bradley Eck
arXiv:2608. 09246v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Industrial processes are complex systems composed of multiple interacting sensors that generate multivariate time series (MTS).
By Sena Ozgunay (IMT, ANITI, LAAS-DISCO, LAAS, Comue de Toulouse), Louise Trav\'e-Massuy\`es (LAAS-DISCO, Comue de Toulouse, ANITI), Jean-Michel Loubes (IMT, REGALIA), Raul Sena Ferreira (LAAS)
TrajMind is a framework for diagnosing collective anomalies in urban trajectory data. It separates continuous screening from on-demand diagnosis, using a fast text-only path for alerts and a slow vision‑language path that chains role‑specialized LoRA adapters for detailed, evidence‑backed what‑who‑where‑when records. Experiments show the slow path outperforms baselines by over 15 percentage points in typing and 13 in localization, while the fast path cuts latency by 41% and retains high accuracy.
By Jiahao Wu, Zhenqun Yang, Chen Jason Zhang, Qing Li
The paper introduces Unsupervised Graph Collective Anomaly Detection (UGCAD), a framework that uses a variational graph autoencoder to learn graph representations of IoT network traffic and then enhances clustering to group nodes. UGCAD identifies collective anomalies by aggregating normal clusters and applying anomaly scores to the refined groups. Experiments on CICIoT2023 and ToN-IoT datasets show that UGCAD outperforms traditional and state‑of‑the‑art clustering‑based CAD methods in both clustering quality and anomaly detection accuracy.
By Dalila Khettaf, Djamel Djenouri, Zeinab Rezaeifar, Youcef Djenouri