The standard way to compare two text embeddings is cosine similarity. Scattered studies report that a different metric does better, but never pin down the geometric condition that decides when, or why.
arXiv:2606. 02765v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Model dimension ($d_{model}$) is a fundamental hyperparameter in transformer language models, yet its role in setting the geometric limits of feature representation remains under-explored.
By Alexander Guha
arXiv:2605. 13352v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Standard dual-encoder vision-language models that map images and text to deterministic points on a shared unit hypersphere through $\ell_2$ normalization typically expose neither \emph{aleatoric} uncertainty (cross-modal ambiguity) nor \emph{epistemic} uncertainty (lack of training-distribution support).
By Mayank Nautiyal, Li Ju, Andreas Hellander, Ekta Vats, Prashant Singh
arXiv:2608. 06305v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Retrieval-augmented generation over long documents is dominated by one design: chunk the text, embed the chunks, and surface the top-k nearest neighbours of the query.
By Sagar Tamang, Ayush Vyas, Tabarakul Hazarika
arXiv:2607. 13660v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining (CLIP) representations form a semantic embedding space governed by cosine similarity, reflecting an intrinsic hyperspherical geometry.
By Zijie Yu, Gaowen Liu, Ramana Rao Kompella, Philip S. Yu, Yue Song
arXiv:2607. 13003v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: A watermark in a generative model's output is usually asked only whether a text is machine-made.
By Xiaoyu Li, Zheng Gao, Xiaoyan Feng, Jiaojiao Jiang, Yulei Sui, Jiankun Hu