arXiv Computation and Language By Kazuma Iwamoto, Kazumasa Omura, Shotaro Ishihara

An Empirical Analysis of Factual Errors in Human-Written Text and Its Application to Factual Error Detection

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The paper presents an empirical study of factual errors in human-written text, focusing on corrections in newspaper articles to build a taxonomy of common mistakes such as kanji misconversions and unit errors. It evaluates large language models’ ability to detect these errors, finding that even advanced models like GPT‑5.4 achieve only a 52% word‑level F1 score on synthetic data, underscoring the difficulty of the task. The work highlights the gap in research on factual error detection in human writing compared to LLM hallucinations.

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