arXiv Computer Vision October 16, 2026 By Xiaonan Wang, Bo Shao, Hansaem Kim

AI Knows Where You Are: Exposure, Bias, and Inference in Multimodal Geolocation with KoreaGEO

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The paper introduces KoreaGEO, a fine‑grained, multimodal, privacy‑aware benchmark for image‑based geolocation built from Korean street views. It covers four socio‑spatial clusters, nine place types, and includes two captioning styles that mimic real‑world privacy exposure. Using a three‑path protocol (image‑only, functional‑caption, high‑risk‑caption), the study shows that input modality has a stronger effect on localization accuracy and privacy risk than model size or architecture, and reveals structural prediction biases toward core cities.

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