arXiv Machine Learning By Soham Bonnerjee, Aaditya Ramdas

A general recipe for data-adaptive anytime-valid envelopes for iterative algorithms

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The paper introduces a general method for creating data‑adaptive, anytime‑valid envelopes that can be applied to a wide range of iterative stochastic algorithms. By reducing error analysis to a single requirement—time‑uniform concentration for predictably weighted sums of noise—the authors provide off‑the‑shelf boundary constructions using mixtures, stitching, and betting martingales. These envelopes are shown to be applicable to algorithms such as stochastic gradient descent, temporal difference learning, and Bures‑Wasserstein SGD, and they either match or improve upon existing bounds, with practical implementation details and numerical validation.

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