A Diagnostic Protocol for GNNs in Electricity Load Forecasting: Separating Parameter Sharing from Neighborhood Access

The paper introduces a diagnostic protocol to disentangle the contributions of parameter sharing and neighborhood access in graph neural networks (GNNs) for electricity load forecasting. By comparing a GNN to three reference models—per-node, shared-parameter without neighbors, and the same GNN without edges—the study evaluates the impact of graph structure across datasets from France, UK feeders, and client consumption series. Results show that parameter sharing often accounts for most of the performance gain, while edges contribute less and can be diminished by degree-preserving rewiring.

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