arXiv Computation and Language

Intelligence Under Time Constraints: Rethinking Test-Time Compute

The paper "Intelligence Under Time Constraints: Rethinking Test-Time Compute" examines how to decide not only how much computation to perform but also when to start it in streaming interactions where evidence arrives incrementally and may change. It introduces the information‑slack dilemma, describing the trade‑off between early computation that has more time to finish but relies on incomplete evidence, and waiting for more information that reduces computational slack. The authors propose a research agenda focused on selective recovery under controlled evidence revisions, and suggest evaluation metrics that separate early‑execution effects, deployment value versus full‑input alternatives, and the added value of predictive policies while accounting for shared‑resource costs, aiming for trustworthy, on‑time responses within a declared resource envelope.

arXiv Computation and Language
3d ago

Beyond Depth and Width: The Information-Slack Dilemma in Streaming Test-Time Compute

The paper discusses how the same computational task can require different reasoning strategies depending on the order in which evidence arrives, introducing the concept of an "information‑slack dilemma." It argues that early computation may be useful only if its benefits outweigh the costs of later verification, invalidation, and recovery, and proposes a research agenda focused on selective recovery and predictive policies. The authors emphasize evaluating these approaches by separating early‑execution effects, deployment value versus full‑input alternatives, and the added value of predictive policies while considering shared‑resource costs.

By Xiaotian Zhang (Trooly.AI)
arXiv Machine Learning
Jul 7

AdaptiveSD A Stability-Aware, Runtime-Adaptive Speculative Decoding Framework with Multi-Policy Orchestration for CPU-Constrained LLM Inference

arXiv:2607. 03876v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: With the rise of small quantized GGUF-based language models and their increasing use for on-device inference tasks, we have seen the growing need for an approach capable of reliably delivering these models at scale even under severe memory bandwidth constraints such as those imposed by pure CPU implementations.

By Sadra Saremi
arXiv AI
6d ago

Breaking Predictions Is Not Enough: Specified-Foil Counterfactuals for Temporal Graphs

The paper introduces Specified-Foil Counterfactuals for temporal graphs, a method that seeks low‑cost past‑event interventions to make a user‑specified alternative outcome the top prediction. It uses trace‑guided search to compare completed executions of the original prediction with reconstructed incomplete executions of the foil, mapping differences to operations such as DELETE, INSERT, REWIRE, RELABEL, and SHIFT, and then verifies the foil through exact replay. Experiments on continuous‑time dynamic graphs and temporal knowledge graphs show that the approach retains most greedy successes while dramatically reducing predictor evaluations and achieving the specified foil in a majority of cases.

By Minwoo Yu, Young-guk Ha
arXiv AI
Aug 5

Test-Time Scaling in Reasoning LLMs: Inference Regimes, Evaluation, and Reproducibility

arXiv:2608. 04001v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models can solve substantially harder reasoning problems with more inference-time compute.

By Mohsen Hariri, Weicong Chen, Nahal Shahini, Vikash Singh, Kai Ye, Amirhossein Samandar, Debargha Ganguly, Sreehari Sankar, Yanyan Zhang, Shouren Wang, Jerry Peng, Biyao Zhang, Michael Hinczewski, Vipin Chaudhary
arXiv AI
Aug 25

The Greatness of Science Cannot Be Planned: Agentic Auto-Research is Fuzz Testing

The article argues that agentic auto‑research should be guided by dense, intermediate signals of epistemic progress rather than by sparse final benchmarks. It compares this approach to fuzz testing, where coverage provides continuous feedback that directs input mutation. The authors propose controlled experiments to test whether such signals improve discovery efficiency and reduce false positives, and demonstrate in a simulated physics setting that an AI agent using feedback‑driven search uncovers a hidden law while optimization‑driven baselines fail.

By Yifeng He, Jicheng Wang, Yinzhe Zhao, Chengyang Shi, Jiachen Liu, Hao Chen