CO₂ Emissions and Models Performance: Insights from the Open LLM Leaderboard

CO2 Emissions and the 🤗 Hub: Leading the Charge

Closing Gaps in Emissions Monitoring with Climate TRACE

arXiv:2511. 19277v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Global greenhouse gas emissions estimates are essential for monitoring and mitigation planning.

Green AI Carbon Optimizer: Carbon-Efficient Training Location Recommendation and Global AI Energy Demand Forecasting

arXiv:2606. 14707v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: AI training and deployment consume substantial electricity, but carbon outcomes remain weakly integrated into routine model development decisions.

Accounting for AI Inference in Corporate GHG Inventories: A Four-Tier Methodology for Scope 3 Category 1 Reporting

arXiv:2606. 10660v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: AI inference services -- API subscriptions, enterprise chat tools, and SaaS products with embedded AI features -- fall unambiguously within Scope 3 Category 1 under the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD), which requires disclosure for fiscal years starting January 2024.

Engineering Carbon Credits Towards A Responsible FinTech Era: The Practices, Implications, and Future

arXiv:2501. 14750v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Carbon emissions significantly contribute to climate change, and carbon credits have emerged as a key tool for mitigating environmental damage and helping organizations manage their carbon footprint.

Investing in Performance: Fine-tune small models with LLM insights - a CFM case study

A Checklist to assess the energy and carbon impacts of ML/AI applications in Earth System Modeling

arXiv:2609.00847v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: As machine learning and artificial intelligence find their way into nearly every aspect of climate, weather, and Earth system modeling, it is worth p...

Assessing the Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption of U.S. Hyperscale Data Centers

arXiv:2606. 05420v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The rapid proliferation of hyperscale data centers (HDCs) in the US, mainly driven by the adoption of artificial intelligence, has raised concerns about this industry's environmental footprint.

Toward Sustainable Distributed LLM Inference: A Systems Synthesis and Research Agenda for an Energy-, Carbon-, and Cache-Aware llm-d Control Plane

arXiv:2609.05565v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language model (LLM) sustainability is increasingly a serving-systems problem, not only a training problem. In production, energy and carbon im...

Standardized Methods and Recommendations for Green Federated Learning

arXiv:2602. 00343v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative model training over privacy-sensitive, distributed data, but its environmental impact is difficult to compare across studies due to inconsistent measurement boundaries and heterogeneous reporting.

InFactPlanner: Planning Sustainable Geo-Distributed LLM Data Centers

arXiv:2608. 12915v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The rapid growth of LLM inference is shifting sustainability concerns from one-time training to continuous serving, where infrastructure decisions shape energy use, carbon emissions, water consumption, and service quality.

Europe's Climate Ambition Under Scrutiny: Evidence from Deep Learning Emission Projections

The paper uses deep learning on high‑resolution socioeconomic and sectoral data to project EU27 CO₂ emissions through 2030. It finds that emissions will exceed the EU’s 55% reduction target by 35% (620 Mt CO₂ shortfall), with only a few countries on track. While the power sector is on target thanks to renewables, mobility remains a major source of emissions, indicating structural inertia across member states.