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arXiv:2608. 12915v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The rapid growth of LLM inference is shifting sustainability concerns from one-time training to continuous serving, where infrastructure decisions shape energy use, carbon emissions, water consumption, and service quality.
arXiv:2509. 04827v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The energy cost of Large Language Model (LLM) inference is rapidly becoming a barrier to sustainable and scalable deployment.
arXiv:2608. 08744v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The carbon footprint of any deployed Large Language Model (LLM) accumulates during inference, where repeated use of the model substantially exceeds the one-time cost of fine-tuning.
arXiv:2605. 21312v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Modern LLM serving is no longer homogeneous or monolithic.
The paper explores energy-aware knowledge distillation for large language models (LLMs) used in software engineering tasks such as clone detection, vulnerability prediction, and code summarization. It shows that the commonly used FLOPs metric does not reliably reflect actual energy consumption, and that using energy-surrogate models during distillation can reduce inference energy by up to 90% and memory usage by 86% with only modest accuracy loss. The study demonstrates that guiding distillation with direct energy estimates improves the sustainability and deployability of LLMs on consumer hardware.
arXiv:2607. 05408v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The environmental impact of training large language models (LLMs) is increasingly scrutinised, yet most published estimates focus on operational energy and disclose little about manufacturing (embodied) emissions, water consumption, or the underlying highperformance computing (HPC) infrastructure.