arXiv:2505. 15215v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Data fusion, the process of combining observational and experimental data, can enable the identification of causal effects that would otherwise remain non-identifiable.
The paper introduces Cluster-DAGs as a flexible prior knowledge framework to improve causal discovery. It presents two modified constraint‑based algorithms, Cluster‑PC and Cluster‑FCI, tailored for fully and partially observed data. Experiments on simulated data show that these methods outperform baseline algorithms that lack prior knowledge.
arXiv:2607. 11508v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Causal discovery, the process of recovering underlying causal structures from observational data, is a fundamental pursuit across scientific disciplines.
arXiv:2606. 23741v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Causal reasoning, which encompasses the discovery of causal structures and the inference of causal effects, is fundamental to data-driven decision making.
arXiv:2607. 10456v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Expert background knowledge is often available in practical applications of causal discovery.
arXiv:2604. 22416v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Latent variables pose a fundamental obstacle to both causal discovery and inference.
arXiv:2607. 03971v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Causality has become an increasingly important tool for gaining a deeper understanding of complex systems.
arXiv:2607. 03364v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We propose \textbf{CaSPECT}, a causal spectral clustering framework for discovering causally homogeneous subgroups from observational data.
arXiv:2510. 16703v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The classical notion of causal effect identifiability is defined in terms of treatment and outcome variables.
The paper tackles the problem of estimating causal effects when an unobserved confounder is present. It assumes a single, possibly multi‑dimensional proxy variable for the confounder and knowledge of the mechanism that generates this proxy. Under the Single Proxy Identifiability of Causal Effects (SPICE) assumption, the authors prove that the error mechanism is complete and causal effects are identifiable, extending prior proxy‑based results to continuous, multi‑dimensional settings and more flexible functional forms. They also introduce SPICE‑Net, a neural‑network‑based framework for estimating causal effects applicable to both discrete and continuous treatments.
arXiv:2608. 03868v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Causal Discovery (CD) from observational data faces two fundamental challenges.
CausalArena is a new benchmark designed to evaluate causal discovery methods in the era of foundation models. It unifies synthetic structural causal models (SCMs), semantically grounded SCMs, and formula‑grounded SCMs, while also including real‑world datasets for external validation. Experiments show that performance rankings vary widely across different SCM families and protocols, indicating that strong results on one benchmark do not necessarily transfer to others.
CausalArena is a unified, evolvable benchmark designed to evaluate causal discovery methods across diverse structural causal models (SCMs). It incorporates synthetic SCMs for controlled structural variation, semantic operational SCMs for human-auditable environments, and formula-grounded SCMs to test discovery under explicit scientific mechanisms, along with real-world datasets for external validity. Experiments show that performance rankings vary significantly across SCM families and protocols, indicating that strong results on one benchmark do not generalize to others, especially in the context of causal discovery foundation models.