HyperSAM is a promptable foundation model for hyperspectral remote sensing that integrates a data‑centric synthesis pipeline with a spectral adaptation architecture based on Segment Anything Model 3 (SAM3). The model generates full‑spectrum hyperspectral cubes from high‑resolution multispectral imagery using a physics‑informed abundance‑transfer generator, and employs SAM3‑derived pseudo‑masks for object‑centric supervision. With a frozen SAM3 RGB branch, a trainable hyperspectral encoder, ControlNet‑style feature injection, and a mixture‑of‑experts mask refiner, HyperSAM demonstrates strong generalization across diverse hyperspectral tasks such as classification, anomaly detection, change detection, target detection, and airborne oil‑spill mapping.
By Li Pang, Xinqiao Wu, Jing Yao, Pedram Ghamisi, Jun Zhou, Zhengchao Chen, Deyu Meng, Xiangyong Cao
Hyperspectral remote sensing provides dense spectral measurements that are indispensable for material-level Earth observation, yet the construction of a general-purpose hyperspectral foundation model...
The technical report introduces Hyperspectral Image Models, a modular framework that unifies 55 deep‑learning models across six paradigms for hyperspectral remote sensing. It standardizes tensor conventions, evaluation protocols, and dataset handling, integrating 24 benchmark scenes from various sensors and providing tools to avoid train‑test overlap. Experiments across 1,320 model‑scene combinations show that scene difficulty outweighs architecture, with no single paradigm dominating and small models achieving performance comparable to much larger ones.
By Tanishq Rachamalla, Aryan Das, Srishti Kaushik, Swalpa Kumar Roy
arXiv:2604.08884v2 Announce Type: replace-cross
Abstract: Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved strong performance on RGB image understanding, yet their ability to use spectral evide...
By Xinyu Zhang, Zurong Mai, Qingmei Li, Xiaoya Fan, Zjin Liao, Haoyuan Liang, Yibin Wen, Yuhang Chen, Chan Tsz Ho, Bi Tianyuan, Ruifeng Su, Zihao Qiang, Juepeng Zheng, Jianxi Huang, Yutong Lu, Haohuan Fu
Hyperspectral remote sensing has advanced across diverse deep learning paradigms, including spectral spatial CNNs, Vision Transformers, Mamba, graph neural networks, Kolmogorov Arnold networks, and se...
The paper introduces OmniRSCLIP, an end‑to‑end contrastive learning framework that extends the CLIP architecture to handle heterogeneous remote sensing sensors such as SAR, multi‑spectral imaging, and hyperspectral imaging. It achieves this by employing Spectral‑Spatial Basis Decomposition to adapt arbitrary‑channel inputs without losing pretrained visual knowledge, and a spectral‑context‑aware mask‑based contrastive learning scheme to improve fine‑grained image‑text alignment. The authors also build OmniRS5M, a large‑scale image‑text corpus covering multiple sensor modalities, and demonstrate that OmniRSCLIP maintains strong RGB performance while effectively supporting these diverse remote sensing data types.
By Xiangyang Miao, Kelu Yao, Yekai Huang, Xiaogang Xu, Junxiao Xue, Minjun Shen, Chenghui Lv, Shanji Liu, Yaying Chen, Chao Li
The paper introduces TSR-ITNR, a two‑stage, self‑supervised framework for hyperspectral image super‑resolution that fuses high‑resolution multispectral and low‑resolution hyperspectral data. Stage 1 refines an implicit Tucker representation using a low‑rank spatial tensor and spectral basis, enhanced by a pretrained denoiser, to capture fine spatial details and spectral correlations. Stage 2 applies parameter‑free calibration to extract complementary corrections from both observations, preserving geometry and ensuring orthogonal complementarity, leading to superior reconstruction quality demonstrated on benchmark datasets and improved downstream segmentation performance.
By Liqian Yang, Xingchi Chen, Xinfeng Gui, Xiangyong Cao, Qianxin Yi
Hyperspectral remote sensing has advanced across diverse deep learning paradigms, including spectral spatial CNNs, Vision Transformers, Mamba, graph neural networks, Kolmogorov Arnold networks, and se...
The paper introduces a PyTorch library that unifies 55 hyperspectral image models across six deep‑learning paradigms, providing a common registry, automatic tensor adaptation, and standardized constructors. It includes 24 benchmark scenes from various sensors, with tools for data preprocessing, patch extraction, and rigorous train‑test partitioning to avoid overlap. Experiments on 1,320 model‑scene combinations show that scene difficulty outweighs architecture choice, with no single paradigm dominating and small models performing competitively with much larger ones.
By Tanishq Rachamalla, Aryan Das, Srishti Kaushik, Swalpa Kumar Roy
AGSA-Net is a hyperspectral image classification framework that incorporates spectral unmixing priors through an abundance-guided self‑attention network. It first estimates physically meaningful subpixel abundance maps with non‑negativity and sum‑to‑one constraints, then uses these abundances to build an affinity prior that directs a spectral transformer to focus on class‑discriminative interactions. The transformer features are fused with compact abundance descriptors for final classification, and experiments on Indian Pines, Augsburg, and Berlin datasets show improved performance, especially in heterogeneous urban scenes.
By Nafisa Anjum, Satavisa Dey Borno, Ananna Saha, Mir Faiyaz Hossain, Sifat Momen, Nabeel Mohammed, Shafin Rahman
arXiv:2512.15971v2 Announce Type: replace
Abstract: Multispectral object detection is critical for safety-sensitive applications such as autonomous driving and surveillance, where robust perception u...
By Manuel Nkegoum, Minh-Tan Pham, \'Elisa Fromont, Bruno Avignon, S\'ebastien Lef\`evre
Token Clustering and Semantic Sequence Mamba (STMamba) is a new approach for hyperspectral image classification that organizes sparse tokens into semantically coherent sequences. It uses a hierarchical encoder-decoder with a Token Clustering Module (TCM) to select semantic tokens and a Cross-scale Neighborhood Attention (CNA) Upsampler to restore dense features. At the micro level, density-aware clustering and a quadtree-based dynamic selection keep sparse, spatially distributed tokens, while Spatial and Spectral Semantic-wise Sequencing Mamba (SWSM) modules capture long-range spatial and spectral dependencies within homogeneous semantic token sequences. Experiments on three large-scale benchmark datasets show that STMamba outperforms state‑of‑the‑art methods in both quantitative and qualitative metrics.
By Yimin Zhu, Mahmood Elahi, Lincoln Linlin Xu