Virtual nodes give message-passing neural networks a simple global communication route, but the standard node--VN--node pipeline compresses the graph into one homogeneous state and broadcasts it identically to every node. Building on the Two-Radius analysis of Mishayev et al.
arXiv:2607. 24788v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As Large Language Models scale to increasingly long contexts, the memory I/O and computational overhead of the Key-Value (KV) cache during decoding emerges as the primary throughput bottleneck.
By Vimal William, Ravi Tandon, Jyotikrishna Dass
arXiv:2607. 07953v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Self-attention lets each token retrieve information from the full context, but its quadratic cost in sequence length limits training and inference at long context.
By Tommaso Cerruti, Tim Rieder, George Rowlands, Lingfeng Jin, Imanol Schlag
arXiv:2606. 18587v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Decoder-only Transformers compute attention over the KV cache of preceding tokens.
By Zhiyuan Wang, Xuan Luo, Sirui Zeng, Xifeng Yan
arXiv:2606. 10650v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The scalability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to long contexts is fundamentally constrained by the quadratic complexity of standard attention, motivating the adoption of linear attention mechanisms with sub-quadratic cost.
By Xin Wang, Hui Shen, Boyuan Zheng, Xueshen Liu, Minkyoung Cho, Zhongwei Wan, Zesen Zhao, Zhuoqing Mao, Shen Yan, Mi Zhang
arXiv:2608. 12435v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Transformers owe much of their strong long-context retrieval capability to a token-level memory that grows with context length.
By Ming Zhang, Kaisen Yang, Shu Yu, Ermo Hua, Ning Ding, Xia Hu, Bowen Zhou, Chaochao Lu, Youbang Sun
arXiv:2605. 09877v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Recall presents a difficult choice: transformers have a linearly growing memory that slows each successive token, while linear RNNs typically have fixed costs but limited recall.
By Daniel Goldstein, Navneel Singhal, Eugene Cheah
arXiv:2604. 17324v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Global self-attention drives modern graph transformers, yet the softmax at its core imposes a structural constraint rarely examined directly: every attention row is non-negative and sums to one, so each per-head output is a mass-conserving convex combination of value vectors.
By Yang Liu, Dongxin Guo, Tom Zheng, Siu Ming Yiu, Liam Ning, Jikun Wu
arXiv:2606. 06256v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As the input length of large language model (LLM) serving continues to grow, the KV cache has become a dominant bottleneck in AI infrastructure.
By Yang Liu, ZhaoKai Luo, HuaYi Jin, ZhiYong Wang, RuoZhou He, BoYu Wang, Guanjie Chen, Junhao Hu
arXiv:2607. 20457v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Inference with large language models (LLMs) on long sequences is computationally expensive due to the quadratic complexity of self-attention.
By Aryan Sood, Shantanu Acharya
arXiv:2606. 09079v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Conventional LLMs keep the full KV cache loaded during decoding, causing a severe GPU memory bottleneck for ultra-long context serving.
By Yan Wang, Qifan Zhang, Jiachen Yu, Tian Liang, Dongyang Ma, Xiang Hu, Zibo Lin, Chunyang Li, Zhichao Wang, Jia Li, Yujiu Yang, Haitao Mi, Dong Yu
arXiv:2602. 03681v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The quadratic computational complexity of softmax transformers has become a bottleneck in long-context scenarios.
By Difan Deng, Andreas Bentzen Winje, Lukas Fehring, Marius Lindauer