arXiv:2608. 17634v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The $\operatorname{do}$-operator is described graphically by deleting arrows into its targets and functionally by replacing their mechanisms with constants.
arXiv:2607. 22910v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Pearl's structural causal model (SCM) framework, built on directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) and the do-calculus, is the dominant formal language for causal reasoning.
arXiv:2605. 03268v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Here we introduce Partially Observed Structural Causal Models (POSCMs) as an extension of structural causal models (SCMs) to settings where upstream contexts co-determine both the interaction structure and downstream mechanisms on observed variables.
arXiv:2606. 24621v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This paper introduces a categorical account of infinitesimal causality in Frobenius Markov categories equipped with tangent-bundle semantics.
arXiv:2606. 00754v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We introduce causal density functions: Radon-Nikodym derivatives that compare interventional laws to observational laws and therefore act as local density ratios for causal effects.
arXiv:2608. 02877v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Causal discovery recovers directed structure from observational data and is increasingly used in clinical settings to support mechanism reasoning and fairness audits of predictive models.
arXiv:2407. 07338v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We study the problem of restricting a Markov equivalence class of maximal ancestral graphs (MAGs) to only those MAGs that contain certain edge marks, which we refer to as expert or orientation knowledge.
arXiv:2607. 01057v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We study a broad class of graphical models whose independencies correspond to vertex separation in mixed graphs with directed, undirected, and bidirected edges, that are capable of encoding independence structures arising from feedback, latent and selection mechanisms.
arXiv:2510. 17944v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: In this paper, we generalize Pearl's do-calculus to an Intuitionistic setting called $j$-stable causal inference inside a topos of sheaves.
arXiv:2606. 08941v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This paper proposes a collapsible method for estimating causal effects that maintains the estimator's consistency before and after marginalization over some variables in completed partially directed acyclic graphs (CPDAGs).
Structural causal models are the standard language for reasoning about interventions and counterfactuals, but they describe static variables, typically measured once, and usually forbid cyclic dependencies. Many systems we care about, such as patients, climates, and economies, instead evolve continuously in time, are observed at irregular time points, and contain feedback loops.
arXiv:2606. 19594v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Causal abstractions formalize when a high-level structural causal model (SCM) captures the interventional behavior of a lower-level SCM.
This paper introduces a categorical account of infinitesimal causality in Frobenius Markov categories equipped with tangent-bundle semantics. IDC captures the infinitesimal layer in which interventions act as tangent deformations of copy/discard structure.