arXiv:2608. 05419v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Models trained by empirical risk minimization on data containing spurious correlations achieve high average accuracy while failing on subpopulations where the correlation does not hold.
arXiv:2502. 18975v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Machine learning models are inherently bound to the distribution of the training data, often exploiting non-causal shortcuts.
arXiv:2606. 02830v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Real-world datasets often contain spurious correlations that are not causally related to the target label.
arXiv:2607. 18278v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Calibration is usually evaluated in aggregate, but the most dangerous failures are often local: predictions that remain highly confident despite being wrong.
arXiv:2607. 02055v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Performance evaluation in AI systems commonly assumes that random dataset splits produce independent and identically distributed (i.
arXiv:2606. 01723v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Real-world regression often exhibits shortcuts: attributes that are spuriously correlated with continuous targets in training, yet unreliable under deployment shifts; regressing targets using such shortcuts may fail catastrophically at test time.
arXiv:2606. 04164v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Data samples used for training often differ from those encountered during fine-tuning and deployment, and while ML models show promise, their performance remains limited when only small annotated datasets are available.
arXiv:2508. 04409v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Cross-validation (CV) is known to provide asymptotically exact tests and confidence intervals for model improvement but only when the model comparison is relatively stable.
arXiv:2602. 16224v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Time series data are prone to noise in various domains, and training samples may contain low-predictability patterns that deviate from the normal data distribution, leading to training instability or convergence to poor local minima.
arXiv:2608. 13190v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Group-robust learning is crucial for maintaining accuracy on rare subpopulations when training-group labels are unavailable.
arXiv:2606. 07631v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Emergent misalignment (EM) occurs when narrow finetuning causes a model to behave dangerously outside the finetuning task.
arXiv:2602. 11619v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Running the same LLM agent on identical inputs yields 2.
arXiv:2605. 24818v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The literature on test set contamination largely focuses on detection, but the correction of contaminated test scores is underexplored.