Towards Data Science

Hallucinations, Watermarks, Removers, and a Squeezed Balloon

The article discusses how watermarks function during moments of uncertainty in AI models, paralleling safety checks that identify mistakes. It examines the roles of hallucinations, watermarks, and removal techniques in ensuring model reliability. The piece also touches on the metaphor of a squeezed balloon to illustrate constraints on model output.

Towards Data Science
Sep 6

Text Watermarking in Python: Catch Whoever Copies Your Writing

The article explains how AI companies embed watermarks into billions of words daily and shows how readers can apply three main watermarking techniques to their own writing. It details practical steps for implementing these methods in Python and discusses experimental results that test which watermarks endure copy‑paste, editing, and paraphrasing. The post provides actionable guidance for writers seeking to protect their content from unauthorized duplication.

By Chien Vu Minh
OpenAI Blog
Jun 21, 2016

Concrete AI safety problems

We (along with researchers from Berkeley and Stanford) are co-authors on today’s paper led by Google Brain researchers, Concrete Problems in AI Safety. The paper explores many research problems around ensuring that modern machine learning systems operate as intended.

arXiv AI
Sep 11

Watermarks Without Verification: AI Text Watermarking After the EU AI Act

The paper discusses the EU AI Act’s requirement for generative AI providers to embed detectable watermarks in their outputs, noting that Anthropic’s Claude models and Google’s Gemini use SynthID‑Text by default. It critiques the lack of verifiability of claims about watermark quality, privacy, and robustness, and evaluates the open‑source SynthID‑Text implementation on two open‑weight models, finding minimal impact on prose and modest correctness loss on code. The authors argue that the real governance issue is the inability to verify these assertions and outline necessary steps—such as output release, configuration disclosure, accredited audits, shared evaluation protocols, and interoperable detection—to address the gaps.

By Alexander Nemecek, Vipin Chaudhary, Erman Ayday