arXiv:2607. 04011v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: While decoders have rapidly scaled, encoders have remained largely unchanged since BERT.
arXiv:2606. 05173v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Masked language modelling (MLM) has been the dominant pre-training objective for text encoders since BERT, yet it encourages representations that are strongly anchored to surface-form token identity rather than deeper semantic structure.
arXiv:2510. 20535v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Recent techniques such as retrieval-augmented generation or chain-of-thought reasoning have led to longer contexts and increased inference costs.
The study investigates which neurons in a frozen BERT-base-uncased encoder support AI‑text detection using the RAID benchmark across six generators. By applying an L1‑to‑L2 sparse‑probing protocol to all 9,216 CLS hidden‑state dimensions, the authors identify a stable set of fewer than 1% of neurons per generator that largely preserves detection accuracy. Bidirectional activation patching confirms the causal relevance of this set, while mean‑ablating the neurons shows the signal is redundantly distributed, and cross‑generator analysis reveals a bipartite structure with instruction‑tuned generators concentrating more stable neurons in the final layer. "whyItMatters":"The findings demonstrate that a small, stable subset of BERT neurons can reliably support AI‑text detection across diverse generators, enabling efficient detector design without re‑identifying neurons for each new generator."
arXiv:2601. 21461v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Modern sparse language models typically achieve sparsity through Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) layers, which dynamically route tokens to dense MLP "experts.
arXiv:2609.35232v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Visual-token compression is effective for improving the efficiency of vision-language models, but under extreme compression budgets, token pr...
arXiv:2607. 00004v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: While advanced foundation models like ModernBERT significantly outperform older architectures in dense retrieval, they surprisingly lag behind the aging BERT-base baseline in learned sparse retrieval (LSR).
arXiv:2606. 18811v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Learned sparse retrieval (LSR) models such as SPLADE have traditionally used BERT-style masked language models as backbone encoders.
arXiv:2607. 21291v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) achieve strong generation and reasoning performance, but the Transformer architecture incurs high inference cost.
arXiv:2605. 28066v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in text embedding, yet current adaptation methods like LoRA face significant bottlenecks in computational efficiency and cross-architecture transferability.
SG-Blend introduces a per‑layer adaptive activation that interpolates between a bias‑corrected, parametric Swish variant (SSwish) and GELU, using a learnable blend coefficient, sharpness, and zero‑centering bias. The method adds only three scalars per feed‑forward block and, on BERT‑style IMDB classification, matches peak accuracy while reducing seed‑to‑seed variance by 42 %. It also achieves the lowest validation perplexity on WikiText103 and generalizes to computer vision and other domains.
arXiv:2505. 18227v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: In Transformer architectures, tokens\textemdash discrete units derived from raw data\textemdash are formed by segmenting inputs into fixed-length chunks.
arXiv:2607. 26596v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities by integrating visual and textual understanding within a unified transformer architecture.