arXiv:2606. 16100v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: As Large Language Model (LLM) APIs become ubiquitous, users increasingly rely on black-box fingerprinting to verify that providers are serving the advertised premium models.
By Jiahao Zhang, Xiuyu Li, Suhang Wang
arXiv:2509. 03122v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Reliable model fingerprints are essential for protecting large language models (LLMs) against unauthorized redistribution and commercial misuse.
By Yue Li, Xin Yi, Dongsheng Shi, Yongyi Cui, Gerard de Melo, Linlin Wang
arXiv:2501. 15509v5 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Model fingerprinting has emerged as a crucial mechanism for safeguarding the intellectual property of open-source models, offering a non-intrusive approach that requires no modifications to the protected model.
By Shuo Shao, Haozhe Zhu, Yiming Li, Hongwei Yao, Tianwei Zhang, Zhan Qin
arXiv:2606. 03330v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Literature reveals that a Large Language Model's (LLM) behavior is not only conditioned by its original weights but also its instance-level parameters, such as instructional prompt, sampling configuration or quantization.
By Gurvan Richardeau, Gohar Dashyan, Erwan Le Merrer, Gilles Tredan
arXiv:2606. 12977v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Model fingerprinting, embedding user-specific identifiers (fingerprints) into generated outputs, has recently emerged as a popular solution to protect the intellectual property rights (IPR) of generative text-to-image (T2I) models and prevent unauthorized redistribution.
By Jianwei Fei, Yunshu Dai, Zhihua Xia, Xiaochun Cao, Jiantao Zhou, Alessandro Piva, Benedetta Tondi
arXiv:2607. 25633v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are costly intellectual assets that remain exposed to unauthorized redistribution and commercial misuse.
By Yongyi Cui, Yue Li, Tianbao Jiang, Xin Yi
arXiv:2608. 09867v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Leading large language model providers now conceal their models' step-by-step reasoning, or chain-of-thought, to protect intellectual property and limit information leakage.
By Alexander Panfilov, David Schmotz, Ilia Shumailov, Luca Beurer-Kellner, Joachim Schaeffer, Ameya Prabhu, Jonas Geiping, Maksym Andriushchenko
arXiv:2510. 01529v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Ball et al.
By Jaiden Fairoze, Sanjam Garg, Keewoo Lee, Mingyuan Wang
arXiv:2603. 07466v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Cloud-based infrastructure has become the dominant platform for deploying large models, particularly large language models (LLMs).
By Heng Jin, Chaoyu Zhang, Hexuan Yu, Shanghao Shi, Ning Zhang, Y. Thomas Hou, Wenjing Lou
arXiv:2508. 02092v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models represent significant investments in computation, data, and engineering expertise, making them extraordinarily valuable intellectual assets.
By Shida Wang, Chaohu Liu, Yubo Wang, Linli Xu
arXiv:2606. 31272v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: AI agents increasingly acquire and execute skills at runtime: bundles of prompt instructions, executable code, and tool declarations fetched from marketplaces and other agents.
By Hongliang Liu, Yuhao Wu, Tung-Ling Li
arXiv:2602. 06911v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: As increasingly capable open-weight large language models (LLMs) are deployed, improving their tamper resistance against unsafe modifications, whether accidental or intentional, becomes critical to minimize risks.
By Saad Hossain, Tom Tseng, Punya Syon Pandey, Samanvay Vajpayee, Matthew Kowal, Nayeema Nonta, Samuel Simko, Stephen Casper, Zhijing Jin, Kellin Pelrine, Sirisha Rambhatla