The paper argues for a Foundation Model Operating System (FMOS) to virtualize foundation model interactions, similar to how operating systems abstract hardware. Current AI stacks are fragmented, with each framework embedding its own runtime for state, memory, budgets, and guardrails, leading to non-portable behavior and brittle governance. An FMOS would orchestrate knowledge across memory tiers, manage model selection and resource allocation, and enforce verification and policy, learning when to intervene or allow direct inference based on operational experience.
By Suparna Bhattacharya, Tarun Kumar, Cong Xu, Satish Kumar Mopur, Jiahao Li, Ashish Mishra, Aalap Tripathy, Annmary Justine Koomthanam, Martin Foltin, Ian Foster
arXiv:2606. 01385v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Software architecture design is a critical yet inherently complex and knowledge-intensive phase that requires balancing competing quality attributes and adapting to evolving requirements.
By Ruiyin Li, Yiran Zhang, Xiyu Zhou, Yangxiao Cai, Peng Liang, Weisong Sun, Jifeng Xuan, Zhi Jin, Yang Liu
The paper argues that the architecture of multi‑agent large language model (LLM) frameworks, rather than just the intelligence of the underlying models, largely determines system performance. It introduces a taxonomy of architectural dimensions—such as orchestration, memory, planning interfaces, specialization, and communication topology—and presents MAFBench, a unified evaluation suite. An empirical study across nine frameworks, keeping the LLM constant, reveals six design principles and shows that choices like orchestration and communication topology can dramatically affect latency, accuracy, and coordination success.
By Abdelghny Orogat, Ana Rostam, Essam Mansour
arXiv:2607. 28629v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The rapid transition from reactive large language models (LLMs) to persistent, action-capable systems has exposed critical gaps in the architectural understanding of Agentic AI, particularly in separating inference, orchestration, and execution layers for autonomous AI agents.
By Konstantinos I. Roumeliotis, Ranjan Sapkota
arXiv:2505. 21550v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Collaborative agentic AI is projected to transform entire industries by enabling AI-powered agents to autonomously perceive, plan, and act within digital environments.
By Rishi Sharma, Martijn de Vos, Pradyumna Chari, Ramesh Raskar, Anne-Marie Kermarrec
arXiv:2608. 03214v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models have transformed artificial intelligence from isolated prediction services into components of long-running, distributed systems that reason, invoke tools, retrieve external state, delegate tasks, and act on behalf of users and organizations.
By Ankur Sharma, Deep Shah
arXiv:2608. 05201v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Autonomous AI agent platforms differ substantially in architecture, security, tool integration, execution, autonomy, and deployment, yet the field lacks a common classification scheme for comparing these design choices.
By Siyuan Li, Peng Shu, Churan Yu, Peilong Wang, Ruidong Zhang, Bowen Guo, Xinliang Li, Ruiyu Yan, Arif Hassan Zidan, Yi Pan, Wei Ruan, Lifeng Chen, Junhao Chen, Zhaojun Ding, Yiwei Li, Zhengliang Liu, Haixing Dai, Lin Zhao, Yu Bao, Xiang Li, Wei Zhang, Tianming Liu
arXiv:2604. 14228v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Claude Code is an agentic coding tool that can run shell commands, edit files, and call external services on behalf of the user.
By Jiacheng Liu, Xiaohan Zhao, Xinyi Shang, Zhiqiang Shen
The article surveys LLM-based agentic reasoning frameworks, presenting a unified formal language that categorizes them into single-agent, tool-based, and multi-agent methods. It reviews application scenarios in scientific discovery, healthcare, software engineering, society, economics, and general-purpose tasks, and compares the distinct features and evaluation strategies of each category. The survey highlights the rapid development of complex agentic systems in real-world contexts.
By Bingxi Zhao, Lin Geng Foo, Ping Hu, Christian Theobalt, Hossein Rahmani, Jun Liu
The paper surveys how Large Foundation Models (LFMs) can be integrated into Human‑AI Collaboration (HAI) to enhance problem‑solving and decision‑making. It outlines four key areas—human‑guided model development, collaborative design principles, ethical and governance frameworks, and high‑stakes applications—while emphasizing that effective HAI systems arise from careful, human‑centered design rather than merely stronger models. The survey also identifies open challenges related to safety, fairness, and control, aiming to guide future research toward reliable, trustworthy, and beneficial LFM‑based partnerships.
By Vanshika Vats, Marzia Binta Nizam, Minghao Liu, Ziyuan Wang, Richard Ho, Mohnish Sai Prasad, Vincent Titterton, Sai Venkat Malreddy, Riya Aggarwal, Yanwen Xu, Lei Ding, Jay Mehta, Nathan Grinnell, Li Liu, Sijia Zhong, Devanathan Nallur Gandamani, Xinyi Tang, Rohan Ghosalkar, Celeste Shen, Rachel Shen, Nafisa Hussain, Kesav Ravichandran, James Davis
arXiv:2607. 10878v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: AI agents are evolving from answer engines into persistent teams that use tools, delegate work, learn from experience, and modify the artifacts that shape their future behavior.
By Yuma Ichikawa, Yamato Arai, Kosaku Kimura, Akira Sakai, Hiromichi Kobashi