arXiv Machine Learning

The Risk Shadow of Principal Component Analysis: When 99.9999% Variance Preservation Causes Catastrophic Decision Errors

arXiv:2606. 14533v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Principal Component Analysis (PCA) preserves variance, not the information needed to detect rare catastrophic events.

arXiv Machine Learning
Jul 27

Heavy-Tailed Principal Component Analysis

arXiv:2603. 11308v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a cornerstone of dimensionality reduction, yet its classical formulation relies critically on second-order moments and is therefore fragile in the presence of heavy-tailed data and impulsive noise.

By Mario Sayde, Christopher Khater, Jihad Fahs, Ibrahim Abou-Faycal
arXiv Machine Learning
Sep 23

SuperPCA: subspace analysis and an efficient algorithm for high-dimensional PCA

SuperPCA is a new algorithm for high‑dimensional principal component analysis that exploits an approximate eigenspace of the sample covariance matrix. The authors show that the subspace spanned by several leading eigenvectors contains useful signal information long before individual eigenvectors converge, and they derive posteriori bounds on the angle between this subspace and the true signal subspace. By using only a small number of subsampled coordinates, SuperPCA can achieve up to a ten‑fold improvement in accuracy over classical PCA while reducing data acquisition costs, especially when the signals are approximately sparse.

By Irina-Beatrice Haas, Maike Meier, Yuji Nakatsukasa, Taejun Park
arXiv Machine Learning
Jun 5

Anchor PCA

arXiv:2606. 06233v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Principal component analysis (PCA) is one of the most widely used unsupervised dimension reduction techniques.

By Benedikt Seiter, Anya Fries, Julius von K\"ugelgen, Jonas Peters
arXiv Machine Learning
Aug 11

A solvable high-dimensional model where nonlinear autoencoders learn structure invisible to PCA while test loss misaligns with generalization

arXiv:2602. 10680v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Many real-world datasets contain hidden structure that cannot be detected by simple linear correlations between input features.

By Vicente Conde Mendes, Lorenzo Bardone, C\'edric Koller, Jorge Medina Moreira, Vittorio Erba, Emanuele Troiani, Lenka Zdeborov\'a
arXiv Machine Learning
4d ago

High-Dimensional Partial Least Squares: Spectral Analysis and Fundamental Limitations

The paper investigates Partial Least Squares (PLS) in high-dimensional settings, focusing on a model where two data matrices share a low-rank latent structure plus individual-specific components. By analyzing the singular vectors of the cross‑covariance matrix with random matrix theory, the authors derive asymptotic characterizations of how well the estimated latent directions align with the true ones. They show that the PLS variant based on Singular Value Decomposition (PLS‑SVD) outperforms separate principal component analysis in detecting the common latent subspace, while also identifying regimes where PLS‑SVD behaves counter‑intuitively or reaches fundamental limits.

By Victor L\'eger, Florent Chatelain