arXiv:2607. 20542v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: A critical challenge in healthcare systems in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is the efficient and equitable allocation of scarce resources, particularly essential medicines.
arXiv:2407. 11823v4 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The United States Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) 510(k) pathway allows manufacturers to gain medical device approval by demonstrating substantial equivalence to a legally marketed device.
arXiv:2607. 28655v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Small-area estimation (SAE) enables researchers and policymakers to identify spatial disparities in health outcomes, but survey-based SAE products carry an inherent lag.
arXiv:2601. 20771v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Accurate forecasting of infectious disease incidence is critical for public health planning and timely intervention.
The scoping review examines how artificial intelligence (AI) is applied across all stages of medication management in rural healthcare settings, from prescribing to post-administration monitoring. It identifies four main themes: the types of AI used, the medication phases impacted, the effectiveness in reducing errors, and rural-specific challenges such as infrastructure and alert fatigue. Studies show machine‑learning surveillance can cut prescribing and transcription errors by 34% to 80%, yet barriers like governance gaps, funding limits, and clinician resistance remain.
arXiv:2605.22611v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is critical in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs), where diagnostic uncertainty often drives broad-spectrum ant...
The paper evaluates the cost‑effectiveness of consensus‑based learning (CBL) versus federated learning (FL) across seven medical datasets, three tasks, and eight modalities involving 3 to 23 clients. CBL achieves accuracy comparable to FL while dramatically cutting training time (15‑fold) and communication cost (60‑fold). The study suggests that CBL offers a more sustainable and democratized approach to deploying collaborative AI in real‑world healthcare settings.
arXiv:2609.08379v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Accurate diagnostic and risk-prediction models are important for supporting clinical decision-making during infectious disease outbreaks. However, priv...
arXiv:2408. 02677v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: This study proposes a novel, integrative framework for patient-centered data science in the digital health era.
arXiv:2602. 10381v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Childhood malnutrition remains a major public health concern in Nepal and other low-resource settings, while conventional case-finding approaches are labor-intensive and frequently unavailable in remote areas.
arXiv:2606. 00563v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Selection bias is a common and often unavoidable aspect of real-world data that challenges the generalizability of machine learning models.
arXiv:2509. 00135v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: As part of nationwide efforts aligned with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal 3 on Universal Health Coverage, Ethiopia's Ministry of Health is strengthening health posts to expand access to essential healthcare services.
The paper introduces Geographically Regularized AUC-Maximizing Personalized Federated Learning (GrAUC-PFL), a method that directly optimizes a smooth pairwise AUC surrogate to train personalized models while keeping patient data local. It incorporates graph-based regularization so that geographically neighboring institutions share similar coefficient vectors, thereby addressing institutional heterogeneity. Experiments on simulations and real data demonstrate improved discriminative performance, especially when neighboring institutions have similar data-generating characteristics.